Which is smaller in the infant's larynx: the glottis or subglottis?
What might it imply if > 20 ml of fluid is present in the stomach of the newborn healthy baby?
High-pitched inspiratory stridor usually indicates what?
Biphasic stridor (high-pitched on inspiration, coupled with low pitched, prolonged expiratory phase) indicates what?
What does a pure expiratory wheeze indicate?
Which of the following is NOT a typical presentation for abnormalities of the glottis or cords?
Newborns are obligate nasal or mouth breathers?
T or F: Definitive treatment of choanal atresia usually requires resection of the bone, and passage of stents?
Which is NOT one of the common anatomic abnormalities in Pierre Robin syndrome?
T or F: The mandible in Pierre Robin grows relatively faster than the infant, relieving the obstruction by 18 months?
Congenital subglottic stenosis is rare or common?
Which of the following is the least likely to require operation: congenital or acquired subglottic stenosis?
Which is an important cause of acquired subglottic stenosis?
T or F: Treatment of acquired subglottic stenosis is initial tracheostomy, followed by later anterior cricoid split?
Where are most laryngeal webs located?
T or F: Complete atresia of the larynx is incompatible with life in the absence of a large TEF for ventilation?
What is the infectious cause of croup?
18. What is the typical age at presentation for croup?
Where is the inflammation in croup?
T or F: the white blood count is usually elevated, with a relative lymphocytosis in patients with croup?
Is steroid therapy part of the treatment of croup?
_____ is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the infant larynx, and inspiratory stridor is seen with agitation and neck extension?
Which is NOT one of the laryngoscopic findings in laryngomalacia?
T or F: the cause of tracheomalacia is felt to be external compression on the tracheal cartilages during development (vascular ring, TEF)?
In tracheomalacia, symptoms are caused by collapse of the trachea during WHAT?
What are the bronchoscopic findings in tracheomalacia?
What is the treatment of mild tracheomalacia?
Congenital paralysis of one or both vocal cords accounts for ____ of all congenital laryngeal anomalies?
Acquired unilateral paralysis of the vocal cord occurs with moderate frequency after what cardiac procedure?
Where is the inflammation seen in epiglottitis (in addition to the epiglottis), and what is the cause?
What is the typical age at presentation for epiglottitis?
Laryngeal hemangiomas are located in what region?
What percent of children with hemangioma have cutaneous lesions?
How do laryngeal hemangiomas present?
If the hemangioma is not visualized on direct laryngoscopy, what can be done?
Subglottic hemangiomas usually involute by what age?
What percentage of children with laryngeal papillomatosis have a mother with condyloma accuminatum?
T or F: laryngeal tracheal clefts may be difficult to visualize with the bronchoscope; bronchoscopy from the esophageal side with an ETT is helpful?
What is a dilatation of the saccule of the laryngeal ventricle, sometimes due to a sudden increase in pressure in the larynx known as?
In small infants, where is the most common site of post intubation stenosis?
What is the incidence of post intubation subglottic stenosis in infants on ventilators?
True or false: premature and newborn infants tolerate long-term intubation better than older children?
Which is NOT a standard treatment for subglottic stenosis?
What is the most common vascular malformation?
What is the most common symptomatic vascular malformation?
The cause of a double aortic arch is failure of resorption of WHAT?
Incomplete but constricting vascular rings are caused by a left descending aorta and WHAT?
Another incomplete vascular ring is caused by a persistent right aortic arch with a right descending aorta and WHAT?
Tracheal compression, stridor, and a normal Ba swallow suggests ____?
What is the least common and most severe vascular ring anomaly?
Is the infantÂ’s larynx higher or lower than that of an adult?