Which is NOT one of the 3 general categories of congenital cardiovascular disorders?

1.   ?    Cyanotic Heart disease
2.   ?    Extracardiac
3.   ?    Noncyanotic heart disease
4.   ?    Mixed cyanotic and noncyanotic

True or false: most patients born with a patent ductus remain asymptomatic and are discovered later in childhood on physical exam?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

What is the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants?

1.   ?    Less than 5 percent
2.   ?    Between 10 - 40 percent
3.   ?    40 - 60 percent
4.   ?    60 - 80 percent

What percentage of premature patients with a patent ductus will also have respiratory distress syndrome?

1.   ?    10 Percent
2.   ?    30 Percent
3.   ?    60 Percent
4.   ?    75 percent

Which is NOT a sign or symptom of PDA?

1.   ?    Continuous systolic murmur
2.   ?    Increased pulmonary vasculature
3.   ?    Narrow pulse pressure
4.   ?    Elevated pulmonary arterial O2 levels

In a typical premature infant with a patent ductus, which direction is the shunt?

1.   ?    Right to Left
2.   ?    Left to Right
3.   ?    Bidirectional

Which is NOT one of the common types of typical presentation seen in patients with coarctation of aorta?

1.   ?    Hypertension in older child
2.   ?    CHF in infancy
3.   ?    Sudden death from arrythmia

Which of the two anatomic variants of aortic coarctation is seen in the neonate?

1.   ?    Preductal coarctation
2.   ?    Postductal coarctation

T or F: In postductal aortic coarctation, femoral pulses are often intact?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

What is the mortality rate for aortic coarctation repair?

1.   ?    Under 1 Percent
2.   ?    Under 5 Percent
3.   ?    Under 10 Percent

Complete interruption of the aortic arch has a mortality rate of what?

1.   ?    10 Percent
2.   ?    30 Percent
3.   ?    50 Percent
4.   ?    80 percent

Which is the least common variant in the classification of interrupted aortic arch anomalies?

1.   ?    Type A
2.   ?    Type B
3.   ?    Type C

Which is NOT part of HVLS?

1.   ?    Endocardial fibroelastosis
2.   ?    Type C interrupted aortic arch
3.   ?    Mitral valve hypoplasia
4.   ?    Hypertrophic aortic valve

What is the most common of the vascular rings, if one includes both incomplete and complete forms?

1.   ?    Aberrant right subclavian
2.   ?    Double aortic arch
3.   ?    Pulmonary sling
4.   ?    Persistent right arch

What is the second most common type of vascular ring?

1.   ?    Aberrant right subclavian
2.   ?    Double aortic arch
3.   ?    Pulmonary sling
4.   ?    Persistent right arch

Which arch is usually larger in a double aortic arch; the right posterior or the left anterior?

1.   ?    Right posterior arch
2.   ?    Left anterior arch
3.   ?    Equivalent

True or false: in transposition of the great arteries, an intracardiac shunt must be present for the infant to survive?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

Which is NOT a component of Tetralogy of Fallot?

1.   ?    VSD
2.   ?    RV outflow stenosis
3.   ?    LV hypertrophy
4.   ?    Pulm valvular stenosis

What causes tet spells?

1.   ?    Pulmonary artery atresia
2.   ?    Pulmonary arterial resistance
3.   ?    Spasm of the RV outflow tract
4.   ?    Pulmonary valvular atresia

What anomalies are usually seen with tricuspid atresia?

1.   ?    ASD
2.   ?    VSD
3.   ?    Hypoplastic pulmonary arteries
4.   ?    RV Outflow obstruction

Pulmonary atresia is almost always associated with what?

1.   ?    RV enlargement
2.   ?    RA hypoplasia
3.   ?    RV atresia
4.   ?    LV hypertrophy

T or F: Pseudotruncus arteriosus is an extreme variant of Tetrology of Fallot?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

Which of the 3 types of totally anomalous pulmonary venous return is associated with a vertical vein?

1.   ?    Supracardiac
2.   ?    Cardiac
3.   ?    Infracardiac

Cyanotic congenital heart defects involve a blank to blank shunt; noncyanotic defects involve the opposite shunt?

1.   ?    Right to Left
2.   ?    Left to Right
3.   ?    Bidirectional

Describe the management of atrial septal defect?

1.   ?    Repair in newborn period
2.   ?    Elective repair at 3 -4 years of age
3.   ?    Repair at 8 - 10 years of age

Which is the most common type of ASD?

1.   ?    Ostium primum
2.   ?    Ostium secundum
3.   ?    Sinus venosus

Where is an ostium primum atrial septal defect located?

1.   ?    High on atrial septum
2.   ?    Low on atrial septum

Where are most VSDs located?

1.   ?    Trabecular
2.   ?    Membraneous
3.   ?    Outlet
4.   ?    Inlet

True or false: multiple muscular VSDs are not likely to close spontaneously, in contrast to membranous defects?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

When does congestive heart failure are associated with a VSD usually develop?

1.   ?    Birth
2.   ?    1st year of life
3.   ?    4 - 5 years of life

Which is NOT one of the anatomic abnormalities associated with an atrioventricular canal defect?

1.   ?    Septal cleft in mitral and triculspid valves
2.   ?    Absence of lower atrial septum
3.   ?    Absence of upper ventricular septum
4.   ?    Absence of pulmonary hypertension

Which is more common in infancy and childhood: aortic stenosis or pulmonic stenosis?

1.   ?    Aortic stenosis
2.   ?    Pulmonic stenosis

Most patients with aortic stenosis have a bicuspid valve, and may have aortic insufficiency postoperatively after valvulotomy: true or false?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

What is the most common congenital cardiac defect leading to heart transplantation in childhood or infancy?

1.   ?    Truncus arteriosus
2.   ?    Transposition of GV
3.   ?    Tetralology of Fallot
4.   ?    Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

What is the two-year survival for pediatric cardiac transplantation?

1.   ?    30 Percent
2.   ?    50 Percent
3.   ?    70 Percent
4.   ?    90 percent