At what age in the fetus do the trachea and esophagus first appear as a ventral diverticulum of the foregut?

1.   ?    22 days of gestation
2.   ?    35 days of gestation
3.   ?    53 days of gestation

By what age have the trachea and esophagus completely separated?

1.   ?    12 days of gestation
2.   ?    26 days of gestation
3.   ?    43 days of gestation
4.   ?    56 days of gestation

At what stage does the esophagus have the circular muscle coat and the vagus nerves begin to appear?

1.   ?    4 weeks
2.   ?    6 weeks
3.   ?    12 weeks
4.   ?    20 weeks

True or false: during development, the esophagus is originally lined by ciliated epithelium. By week 20 it is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

What is the second most common variant of esophageal atresia?

1.   ?    Proximal blind pouch, distal fistula
2.   ?    Upper fistula and lower fistula
3.   ?    Pure atresia
4.   ?    H type fistula

What is the incidence of esophageal atresia?

1.   ?    1 in 500 births
2.   ?    1 in 1,000 births
3.   ?    1 in 4,000 births
4.   ?    1 in 40,000 - 50,000 births

What is the incidence of associated anomalies or congenital defects in fetuses with esophageal atresia?

1.   ?    10 - 15 Percent
2.   ?    25 - 35 Percent
3.   ?    50 - 70 Percent

What are the most common types of cardiac defects associated with esophageal atresia?

1.   ?    Transposition of GV
2.   ?    Tetralogy of Fallot
3.   ?    Truncus Arteriosus
4.   ?    VSD

What percent of patients with esophageal atresia have VACTERL association?

1.   ?    10 Percent
2.   ?    25 Percent
3.   ?    50 Percent
4.   ?    75 percent

What is the approximate incidence of gastrointestinal abnormalities in association with esophageal atresia?

1.   ?    10 Percent
2.   ?    25 Percent
3.   ?    50 Percent
4.   ?    75 percent

What form of esophageal atresia is most likely to have polyhydramnios?

1.   ?    Proximal blind pouch, distal fistula
2.   ?    Upper fistula and lower fistula
3.   ?    Pure atresia
4.   ?    H type fistula

What vein is divided during repair of esophageal atresia?

1.   ?    Intercostal vein
2.   ?    Azygous vein
3.   ?    Hemiazygous vein
4.   ?    Subclavian vein

What is the incidence of leak, stricture, and recurrent fistula after repair of esophageal atresia?

1.   ?    Less than 1 Percent
2.   ?    Less than 5 Percent
3.   ?    Less than 10 Percent
4.   ?    About 15 - 20 percent

What is the recurrence rate for attempted repair of an already recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula?

1.   ?    5 percent
2.   ?    10 Percent
3.   ?    20 Percent
4.   ?    30 Percent

What is the incidence of GE reflux in esophageal atresia?

1.   ?    10 - 20 Percent
2.   ?    20 - 40 Percent
3.   ?    50 - 60 Percent

Symptomatic tracheomalacia occurs in approximately what percent of infants with esophageal atresia?

1.   ?    10 Percent
2.   ?    25 Percent
3.   ?    50 Percent
4.   ?    75 percent

True or false: the frequency and distribution of associated anomalies is just the same for infants with isolated esophageal atresia as for those with the more common variant?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

The management of pure esophageal atresia consists of gastrostomy, sump drainage of the esophagus, and a delay of 3 - 6 weeks with or without stretching of the proximal pouch. A primary repair is attempted, and myotomies may be necessary. How long a gap would indicate primary repair is impossible?

1.   ?    More than 1 cm
2.   ?    More than 2 cm
3.   ?    More than 3 cm
4.   ?    More than 4 cm

In patients with pure esophageal atresia, the incidence of GE reflux approaches 100 percent - true or false?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

True or false: in patients with esophageal atresia who develop a postoperative leak, essentially all leaks (with the exception of complete anastomotic disruption) can be managed with tube drainage, for enteral nutrition, and will close spontaneously in 1 ­ 3 weeks?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

The incidence of leak, stricture, and reflux is substantially (higher or lower) in pure esophageal atresia?

1.   ?    Lower
2.   ?    Higher
3.   ?    Equivalent

T or F: Isolated fistula of the esophagus presents usually is not diagnosed in the newborn period, but in the first few months of life?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

How is an isolated H type (really N type) fistula approached?

1.   ?    Right thoracotomy
2.   ?    Left thoracotomy
3.   ?    Left Neck
4.   ?    Right Neck

How many types of laryngotracheoesophageal cleft are there?

1.   ?    2 types
2.   ?    3 types
3.   ?    4 types

The symptoms of laryngotracheoesophageal cleft are usually related to reflux - T or F?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

How is the diagnosis of laryngeal tracheoesophageal cleft definitively made?

1.   ?    Barium swallow
2.   ?    OPM swallowing study
3.   ?    CT with oral contrast
4.   ?    Bronchoscopy

What is the treatment of type II incomplete laryngeotracheoesophageal clef?t

1.   ?    Right thoracotomy
2.   ?    Left thoracotomy
3.   ?    Left Neck
4.   ?    Right Neck

What is the management of a complete cleft?

1.   ?    Right thoracotomy
2.   ?    Anterior laryngeal fissure
3.   ?    Left thoracotomy

What is the incidence of recurrence of laryngeal tracheoesophageal cleft?

1.   ?    10 Percent
2.   ?    30 Percent
3.   ?    50 Percent
4.   ?    75 percent