Which type of esophageal perforation is more common in children: traumatic or spontaneous?

1.   ?    Traumatic
2.   ?    Spontaneous
3.   ?    Equivalent

What is the most common sign of esophageal rupture in infants and children?

1.   ?    Fever
2.   ?    Pain with swallowing
3.   ?    Respiratory distress
4.   ?    Excessive drooling and salivation

Where is most common site of esophageal perforation in infants and children?

1.   ?    Left chest
2.   ?    Right chest
3.   ?    GE junction
4.   ?    Left neck

What is the diagnostic study for esophageal perforation?

1.   ?    Rigid esophagoscopy
2.   ?    Flexible esophagoscopy
3.   ?    Barium swallow
4.   ?    Water-soluble contrast esophagram

What is the treatment of endotracheal and nasogastric tube perforation of the esophagus and newborn?

1.   ?    Cervical esophagostomy
2.   ?    Primary repair if noted in 1st 24 hrs
3.   ?    NPO and antibiotics
4.   ?    Tube drainage and antibiotics

Evidence of mediastinitis mandates immediate thoracotomy for esophageal perforation. Which side is used for the thoracotomy for mid esophagus?

1.   ?    Right 5th intercotal space
2.   ?    Left 4th intercostal space
3.   ?    Right 7th intercotal space
4.   ?    Left 7th intercotal space

What is the surgical management of traumatic esophageal perforation?

1.   ?    Cervical esophagostomy
2.   ?    Primary repair if noted in 1st 24 hrs
3.   ?    NPO and antibiotics
4.   ?    Tube drainage and antibiotics