Which is NOT part of nonspecific immunity?
Newborns have an immature immune system in the first BLANK of life?
What is the first line of defense against microorganisms that penetrate the mucocutaneous barrier?
T or F: diapedesis is a change in the shape of cells allowing passage through endothelial cells to get from the intravascular to the extravascular space?
Which is NOT true of opsonins?
Which is NOT a method by which PMN’s kill microorganisms after phagocytosis?
Which is NOT true regarding neonatal PMN versus that of the adult?
T or F: Macrophages circulate for about 72 hours, then differentiate into mature monocytes in the tissues?
Which is NOT true of a macrophage?
Which is NOT is decreased in newborns?
T or F: the main role of the complement system is to facilitate PMN killing by producing opsonins and chemoattractants?
T or F: complement is only bactericidal in the presence of immunoglobulins?
Which is antibody independent?
What is the most potent chemoattractant?
Which complement pathway do newborns use most?
A term infant has about BLANK percent of the normal complement activity of an adult?
A premature infant has about BLANK percent of the normal complement activity of an adult?
True or false: complement in newborns comes from placental transfer?
About when does the newborn gut become colonized with anaerobes and Enterobacter?
Which type of staph has the ability to form a biofilm which prevents phagocytosis and bacterocidal killing?
Which is decreased in premature infants?
True or false: Antibodies opsonize bacteria and activate the complement cascade?
Which does NOT activate B cells?
Maternal IGA is gone by what age?
When do IgA and IgM reach adult levels?
Which two of the four subclasses of IgG are deficient in the newborn, secondary to poor placental transfer?
True or false: premature infants have a profound deficiency of all immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses?
T cells recognize all but what type of antigens?
T cells have direct bactericidal activity in the presence of cells infected with all except what?
T or F: At birth, the absolute number of T cells is decreased?
T or F: cytokine production is decreased and therefore skin hypersensitivity is decreased in newborns?
True or false: breast milk contains complement, and may lower the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, otitis media, upper respiratory infection, meningitis?
Where does the breast milk IGA come from?
The incidence of neonatal sepsis is directly related to gestational age, with a 1 in 15,000 incidence in term infants. What is the incidence in premature infants?
Where do bacteria causing early (first week of life) neonatal sepsis come from?
How are chronic congenital infections (TORCH) transmitted from mother to developing fetus via intrauterine infection?
What 2 things are the first indicators of neonatal sepsis?
In the absence of a hemolytic disorder, jaundice in the first 2 weeks of life is most commonly due to what?
What portion of neonates with proven sepsis have a concomitant meningitis?
T or F: Prophylactic IVIG increases survival in neonatal sepsis?
What side effects of IVIG are premature infants at increased risk for?
What drug can cause a rubella like rash?
What class of drugs can produce a direct positive Coombs' test?
T or F: Ancef (cefazolin) has very good CNS penetration?
Drug causing hypotension and red man syndrome with rapid infusion is what?
What most common electrolyte abnormality seen with the use of amphotericin B?
What percentage of children with AIDS are vertically infected (intrauterine, intrapartum, postpartum) from their mother?
An HIV positive mother can safely breast feed the baby: T or F?
How long does it take for symptoms (lymphadenopathy, fever, diarrhea, developmental delays) to develop after vertical transmission of HIV?
Which findings are common in pediatric AIDS but uncommon in adults with the disease?
True or false: early antiHIV IgG is not useful to assess vertical transmission?