By 6 months of age, the foreskin can be completely retracted in what percentage of males?

1.   ?    5%
2.   ?    10%
3.   ?    20%
4.   ?    50%

What percentage of males will still have almost completely unretractable foreskin by the age of 3 years?

1.   ?    5%
2.   ?    10%
3.   ?    20%
4.   ?    50%

What is the incidence of hypospadias in males?

1.   ?    1 in 10,000
2.   ?    1 in 1,000
3.   ?    1 in 300
4.   ?    1 in 50

Which anomaly is NOT associated with hypospadias?

1.   ?    Penile torsion
2.   ?    Chordee
3.   ?    Urethral duplication
4.   ?    Hooded foreskin

What is the incidence of PUV?

1.   ?    1 in 50,000
2.   ?    1 in 10,000 – 25,000
3.   ?    1 in 1,000 – 5,000
4.   ?    1 in 1,000

What is the female homolog of the male verumontanum?

1.   ?    Hymen
2.   ?    Labia minora
3.   ?    Cervix
4.   ?    Fallopian tube

Posterior urethral valves are due to abnormally high insertion and origin of the _____?

1.   ?    Plicae colliculi
2.   ?    CowperÂ’s duct
3.   ?    Seminal vesicle
4.   ?    Arcus lunaris

What is the usual treatment of utricular cysts

1.   ?    Transurethral resection
2.   ?    Observation
3.   ?    Transperineal resection

True or false: renal injury may occur from dysplasia, obstructive hydronephrosis, or reflex pyelonephritis.

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

Which is NOT a component of the VURD syndrome?

1.   ?    Ascites
2.   ?    Unilateral VUR
3.   ?    Renal dysplasia
4.   ?    Urethral valves

True or false: severe posterior urethral valves may result in oligohydramnios and the stigmata of Potter's syndrome?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

T or F: treatment options in posterior urethral files include valvular fulguration, vesicostomy and pyelostomy?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

What percentage of pediatric renal transplants result from complications of posterior urethral valves?

1.   ?    Less than 5%
2.   ?    10 – 15%
3.   ?    20%

True or false: anterior urethral valves do not exist?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

Urethral duplication typically presents with a dorsal and ventral urethra. Which is the functional opening?

1.   ?    Ventral
2.   ?    Dorsal
3.   ?    Either

T or F: Upper tract abnormalities are common with complete duplication; therefore renal US is indicated when duplication is noted?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

Glanular adhesions are common (and normal) up to what age?

1.   ?    6 months
2.   ?    1 year
3.   ?    3 years
4.   ?    10 years