The branchial arches arise during what week of development?

1.   ?    4th week
2.   ?    6th week
3.   ?    8th week
4.   ?    12th week

By the end of the ___ week, 4 branchial clefts are clearly visible?

1.   ?    3rd week
2.   ?    5th week
3.   ?    9th week
4.   ?    12th week

The dorsal portion of what branchial cleft remains as the external auditory canal?

1.   ?    First
2.   ?    Second
3.   ?    Third
4.   ?    Fourth

The first branchial cleft becomes the ____: all the other external branchial cleft are obliterated?

1.   ?    Hyoid
2.   ?    Upper horn of the mandible
3.   ?    External auditory canal
4.   ?    Internal auditory canal

Where do the thyroid and foramen cecum come from (primarily)?

1.   ?    1st and 2nd pharyngeal pouches
2.   ?    2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouches
3.   ?    3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

What does the second pharyngeal pouch become?

1.   ?    Eustachian tube
2.   ?    Palatine tonsil
3.   ?    Superior parathyroid
4.   ?    Inferior parathyroid

Most branchial sinuses and cysts arise from what?

1.   ?    1st branchial cleft
2.   ?    2nd branchial cleft
3.   ?    3rd branchial cleft
4.   ?    4th branchial cleft

The second branchial sinus tract pathway is where?

1.   ?    Under the hypoglossal nerve
2.   ?    Under the glossopharyngeal nerve
3.   ?    Between the bifurcation of the carotid
4.   ?    Enters the medial wall of the pharynx

What fraction of patients have a complete second branchial cleft fistula?

1.   ?    Most
2.   ?    Few

Which type of branchial cleft abnormality is usually diagnosed later in life?

1.   ?    Cysts
2.   ?    Sinus tracts

Rare abnormalities of the first branchial cleft are often cysts near what structure?

1.   ?    Posterior to the external ear
2.   ?    Near the parotid
3.   ?    In the tonsillar fossa

What important structure can be injured during resection of a first branchial cleft fistula?

1.   ?    Facial nerve
2.   ?    Hypoglossal nerve
3.   ?    Marginal mandibular branch

The rare 3rd branchial sinus passes where, relative to the carotid artery bifurcation?

1.   ?    Medial
2.   ?    Lateral
3.   ?    Between

Are cartilaginous preauricular remnants usually associated with branchial cleft abnormalities?

1.   ?    Yes
2.   ?    No

What percent of branchial cleft abnormalities are bilateral?

1.   ?    5%
2.   ?    10%
3.   ?    15%
4.   ?    25%

What is the recurrence rate after resection of a second branchial cleft fistula?

1.   ?    Less than 1 percent
2.   ?    Less than 5 percent
3.   ?    Less than 10 percent
4.   ?    Less than 20 percent

Which is more common: thyroglossal duct cysts or branchial cleft cysts?

1.   ?    Thyroglossal duct cysts
2.   ?    Branchial cleft cysts
3.   ?    Equivalent

T or F: The majority of thyroglossal duct cysts are diagnosed by 1 year of age.

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

The ventral cartilage of which two branchial arches eventually forms the hyoid bone?

1.   ?    First and second
2.   ?    Second and third
3.   ?    Third and fourth

What percentage of thyroglossal duct abnormalities are cysts vs. sinuses?

1.   ?    75% are cysts
2.   ?    50% are cysts
3.   ?    25% are cysts

Only what percentage of thyroglossal duct cysts are lingual?

1.   ?    Less than 1%
2.   ?    Less than 5%
3.   ?    Less than 10%
4.   ?    15%

What percentage of thyroglossal duct cysts are slightly off the midline?

1.   ?    10%
2.   ?    25%
3.   ?    40%
4.   ?    75%

Is a critical to obtain a routine thyroid scan before excision of the thyroglossal duct cysts?

1.   ?    Yes
2.   ?    No

What is the recurrence rate after a Sistrunk procedure for excision of a thyroglossal duct cyst?

1.   ?    Less than 1%
2.   ?    Less than 5%
3.   ?    Less than 10%
4.   ?    Less than 25%

In an adult presenting with a thyroglossal duct cyst, what is the incidence of carcinoma found in the specimen?

1.   ?    Less than 1%
2.   ?    Less than 5%
3.   ?    Less than 10%
4.   ?    Less than 25%

What causes a simple ranula?

1.   ?    Benign neoplastic process
2.   ?    Ectopic salivary tissue
3.   ?    Obstruction of sublingual salivary gland

What is the treatment of a ranula?

1.   ?    Complete excision
2.   ?    Marsupialization
3.   ?    Curettage

Over what time does the thyroid gland descend?

1.   ?    2 – 4 weeks gestation
2.   ?    4 – 6 weeks gestation
3.   ?    6 – 8 weeks gestation
4.   ?    8 – 10 weeks gestation

T or F: The function of the thyroid gland is usually normal in lingual thyroid?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

Portions of what branchial arches form the ultimobranchial bodies?

1.   ?    1st arch
2.   ?    2nd arch
3.   ?    3rd arch
4.   ?    4th arch

What is the incidence of ectopic thyroid tissue in and around a thyroglossal duct cyst?

1.   ?    5%
2.   ?    10%
3.   ?    15%
4.   ?    25%

T or F: Thymic cysts may present as a neck or a mediastinal mass.

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

At what age is a mass usually first noted in a child with torticollis?

1.   ?    Newborn period
2.   ?    2 – 8 weeks of age
3.   ?    2 – 4 months of age
4.   ?    1 year of age

In torticollis, the face is rotated towards what side?

1.   ?    Affected side
2.   ?    Unaffected side

Which is NOT part of the workup for torticollis?

1.   ?    Cervical spine films
2.   ?    Eye exam
3.   ?    Head and neck CT
4.   ?    Thoracic spine films

Which is an indication for operation in torticollis?

1.   ?    Persistent mass
2.   ?    Facial rotation
3.   ?    Facial hemihypoplasia
4.   ?    Neck tenderness

T or F: The surgical treatment of torticollis consists of simple division of the SCM muscle.

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

What organism is the most common cause of cervical lymphadenitis?

1.   ?    E. Coli
2.   ?    Staph
3.   ?    Strep
4.   ?    MAIS

Atypical mycobacterium accounts for what percentage of childhood lymphadenitis?

1.   ?    Less than 1%
2.   ?    Less than 5%
3.   ?    Less than 10%

The incidence of cystic hygroma is approximately ___?

1.   ?    1 in 1,000
2.   ?    1 in 10,000
3.   ?    1 in 50,000

It there a difference between cystic hygroma and a cavernous lymphangioma?

1.   ?    Cystic hygroma is smaller
2.   ?    Cystic hygroma is larger
3.   ?    No difference

Which is true regarding the location of cystic hygromas?

1.   ?    90% in the neck
2.   ?    Right neck is more frequent than left neck
3.   ?    20% in axilla
4.   ?    15% in groin or mediastinum

What percentage of neck cystic hygromas expand through the thoracic inlet?

1.   ?    Less than 1%
2.   ?    5%
3.   ?    10%
4.   ?    15%

What is the usual timing of elective excision for cystic hygroma?

1.   ?    After 2 years of age
2.   ?    After 1 year of age
3.   ?    2 – 6 months of age
4.   ?    Newborn period

T or F: The majority of cystic hygroma recurrences happen within a few weeks.

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

The nodes of a child with scrofula (TB LN infection - not atypical MAIS) are usually ____?

1.   ?    Painful and symptomatic
2.   ?    Painless and asymptomatic
3.   ?    Painful and asymptomatic
4.   ?    Painless and symptomatic

What percentage of children with true scrofula (not MAIS) actually have pulmonary tuberculosis?

1.   ?    None
2.   ?    5%
3.   ?    20%
4.   ?    50%

What is the treatment of MAIS?

1.   ?    Antituberculous medications
2.   ?    Observation
3.   ?    Excision of involved node
4.   ?    Clarithromycin

In cat scratch disease, are many lymph nodes or only one lymph node typically involved?

1.   ?    One
2.   ?    Many

What percentage of patients with cat scratch disease have lymphadenopathy?

1.   ?    5%
2.   ?    25%
3.   ?    50 – 60%
4.   ?    75 – 80%

What is the latency period for cat scratch disease regarding the development of lymphadenopathy?

1.   ?    5 days
2.   ?    2 weeks
3.   ?    1 month
4.   ?    3 months

Is excision necessary for lymphadenopathy due to cat scratch disease?

1.   ?    Yes
2.   ?    No