Nutrition

T or F: the water content of infants is higher than adults?
1. True
2. False
T or F: Water requirements directly relate to caloric consumption?
1. True
2. False
Daily water or fluid consumption by infants is higher or lower than for adults (per percent of body weight?
1. Higher
2. Lower
How much ingested fluid is retained by a normal infant, and how is water eliminated?
1. 0.5 - 3 percent is retained
2. 3 â€“ 5 percent is retained
3. 5 â€“ 10 percent is retained
What is the classical distribution of calories in a well-balanced diet?
1. CHO:Fat:Pro of 50:35:15
2. CHO:Fat:Pro of 35:35:30
3. CHO:Fat:Pro of 35:15:50
Normal adults require what amount of calories for every gram of nitrogen administered?
1. 230 to 1 nonprotein calories per gm N2
2. 150 to 1 nonprotein calories per gm N2
3. 100 to 1 nonprotein calories per gm N2
Protein constitutes what percent of body weight in adults?
1. 10%
2. 20%
3. 30%
What amino acid is essential only in infants?
1. Threonine
2. Phenylalanine
3. Histidine
The absence of only how many essential amino acids will result in a negative nitrogen protein balance?
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
T or F:Protein requirements are highest in the neonates?
1. True
2. False
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver as glycogen, but account for no more than what percent of body weight?
1. 10 percent
2. 20 percent
3. 30 percent
Naturally occurring fats contain straight chain fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, and usually they are about how many carbon atoms long?
1. 10 to 12 carbon atoms
2. 16 to 18 carbon atoms
3. 20 to 22 carbon atoms
Humans don't make this essential fatty acid?
1. Arginine
2. Linolinic
3. Linoleic
Which is NOT a sign of an essential fatty acid deficiency?
1. Dry thick skin
2. Hair loss
3. Desquamation
How much linoleic acid is needed to avoid fatty acid deficiency?
1. 1 to 2 percent
2. 3 to 5 percent
3. 5 to 10 percent
Which is an omega-3 fatty acid; lenoleic or linolenic?
1. Lenoleic
2. Linolenic
Mineral content (ash content) is higher or lower in adults than infants?
1. Higher
2. Lower
A loss greater than what percent body weight, or the absence of external feedings for 7 days are indications for the use of TPN?
1. ">5%
2. ">10%
3. ">15%
What percent of the body fat tissue is located in the subcutaneous tissues?
1. 25%
2. 50%
3. 75%
Serum albumin has a half-life of how long?
1. 24 hours
2. 9 days
3. 20 days
Transferrin has a half-life of how long?
1. 24 hours
2. 9 days
3. 20 days
T or F: The absolute lymphocyte count is good indicator of protein reserves?
1. True
2. False
Which increases the metabolic rate more; multiple trauma (on a ventilator), peritonitis, long bone fracture, mild starvation, or a large burn?
1. Peritonitis
2. Burn
3. Multiple trauma
What is the goal for daily nitrogen balance in an adolescent or adult (it is proportionately less in small children)?
1. 0 to 1 gm N2 positive
2. 2 to 3 gm N2 positive
3. 4 to 6 gm N2 positive
4. 6 to 8 gm N2 positive
T or F: The basic assumption of indirect calorimetry is that oxygen absorbed across the lung is exactly equal to the amount of oxygen consumed in the metabolic process?
1. True
2. False
T or F: Nomograms tend to overestimate energy expenditure by as much as 70 percent?
1. True
2. False
If you know the oxygen consumption and the CO2 production, you can calculate the respiratory quotient and caloric expenditure through what equation?
1. Fick equation
2. Weir equation
3. Henderson-Hasselbach equation
T or F: Osmolarity intolerance is associated with vomiting and increased residuals?
1. True
2. False
Vivonex high nitrogen and Critical HN are elemental diets with what percent essential versus nonessential amino acids?
1. 30 % essential aas, and 70 % nonessential aas
2. 70 % essential aas, and 30 % nonessential aas
3. 50 % essential aas, and 50 % nonessential aas
Ensure, Osmolite, and Sustecal are what kind of diets?
1. Lactose free
2. Elemental
3. Isotonic
Which has a higher sodium content: cow's milk, Enfamil, or breast milk?
1. Breast Milk
2. Cowâ€™s Milk
3. Enfamil
What is the calorie per milliliter for peripheral TPN?
1. 0.1 kcal / ml
2. 0.4 kcal / ml
3. 1 kcal / ml
4. 2 kcal / ml
Intralipid is given at a rate of 4 grams / kg for infants and 2-3 grams / kilogram for older children. How many calories per day does the infant get at this rate?
1. 25 kcal / kg / day
2. 50 kcal / kg / day
3. 100 kcal / kg / day
4. 150 kcal / kg / day
True or false:Betadine kills both bacteria and fungi?
1. True
2. False
Which statement is NOT true regarding the millipore filter in the TPN line?
1. Filters calcium salts
2. Filters microorganisms
3. 0.22 microns
4. Filters viral organisms
T or F: the desired daily weight gain in an older child on TPN is 2.5 % of the total body weight in kg per day?
1. True
2. False
Overall, approximately what percent of central line patients are found to have another source for an unexplained fever?
1. 10 percent
2. 20 percent
3. 30 percent
4. 50 percent
Infants and children require relatively (more or less) calcium and phosphorus than do adults?
1. More
2. Less
3. Equivalent
Which is NOT a sign or symptom of Mg++ deficiency?
1. Arrythmia
2. Hyperreflexia
3. Vertigo
4. Hallucinations
5. Ileus
Which is NOT a sign or symptom of copper deficiency?
1. Hypochromic normocytic anemia, neutropenia
2. Seizures
3. Hyperpigmentation
4. Mental and physical retardation, hypotonia
5. Osteoporosis
Which is NOT a sign or symptom of Zinc deficiency?
1. Hair loss
2. Hyperpigmentation
3. Perioral dermatitis
Which IS a sign or symptom of Chromium deficiency?
1. Hair loss
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Hyperpigmentation
4. Perioral dermatitis
Which is NOT a sign or symptom of selenium deficiency?
1. Muscular pain
2. Cardiomyopathy
3. Diabetes mellitus
How long does it take for an essential fatty acid deficiency to become clinically apparent?
1. 1 week
2. 1 months
3. 2-3 months
4. 4-6 months
The incidence of cholestatic jaundice in infants or premature infants is (higher or lower) than in older children?
1. Higher
2. Lower
3. Equivalent
What is the frequency of increased eosinophils due to the use of intralipid?
1. 1 - 2 percent
2. 5 to 10 percent
3. 15 to 20 percent
What happens to total body water on parenteral nutrition?
1. Increases
2. Decreases
3. Remains constant
Which has the lowest respiratory quotient (= CO2 produced/oxygen consumed):carbohydrate, fat, or protein?
1. Carbohydrate
2. Fat
3. Protein

Nutrition

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