When do the paired pancreatic primordia originate?
Santorini's duct drains which pancreatic bud?
T or F: Epithelial cells give rise to islets.
Which is the most common type of pancreatitis in children?
T or F: Tetracycline is one of the drugs reported to cause pediatric pancreatitis?
What parasitic infection can cause pancreatitis?
Which is the least common of these congenital anomalies of the pancreas?
T or F: The degree of elevation of the amylase is directly related to the degree of severity of the pancreatitis.
In choledochal cyst, there is a long common channel of pancreatic duct and CBD: does bile reflux into the pancreatic duct?
Why does pancreatic divisum predispose to pancreatitis?
Which clinical sign of hemorrhagic pancreatitis is Cullen's?
With regard to TPN/lipid administration to patients with acute pancreatitis, what level of triglycerides should be maintained?
What percentage of traumatic pseudocysts in children will resolve?
Which clinical disorder is hyperamylasemia not seen with?
What is the normal amylase clearance:creatinine clearance ratio?
T or F: Pancreatic cancer may cause increased amylase clearance?
In what form is calcium replaced in acute pancreatitis?
T or F: Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia suggest severe pancreatic inflammation.
What do persistently elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase LDH and SGOT reflect?
T or F: The presence of air surrounding the pancreas on CT scan is a relative indication for operative intervention in acute pancreatitis?
What percent of children with end-stage renal disease have evidence of pancreatitis?
Which is NOT a cause of decreased calcium in pancreatitis?
Which is NOT one of the two most common types of chronic pancreatitis in the United States?
In chronic pediatric pancreatitis, is 'chain of lakes' treated by the Duval procedure?
T or F: Sphincteroplasty/sphincterotomy is often helpful in chronic pancreatitis.
What disease must be ruled out in a child before establishing the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis?
T or F: In an annular pancreas there are no islet cells.
T or F: In ectopic pancreas there are almost never islet cells.
What is the classic management of pancreatic divisum?
What is the incidence of divisum of the pancreas?
Congenital pancreatic cysts are usually diagnosed before age ____?
Pancreatic retention cysts are usually have ____ enzyme activity?
What is the usual treatment of a ruptured pancreatic pseudocyst?
Do pseudocysts communicate with the ductal system?
What is the chance of a pseudocyst that develops after acute pancreatitis (including trauma) will resolve?
Pancreatic tumors in children are very rare; which is NOT one of the most common types?
T or F: Whipple procedure is the treatment of most islet cell CA in children?
The diagnosis of ZE syndrome is suggested by low gastric acid and high gastrin?
Which does NOT usually cause low glucose in childhood?
What is the most common cause of low glucose in children over 1 year of age?
If islet cell adenoma is suspected, what is infused?
Which is NOT true regarding the defect resulting in nesidioblastosis.
What is the treatment of nesidioblastosis if medical management fails?
T or F: Low glucose may persist for several weeks to a few months after near-total pancreatectomy?
What physical exam finding may differentiate between glycogen storage disease and islet cell adenoma or nesidioblastosis?
What disease is characterized by: Hypoglycemic seizures preceded by sweating, at 3 - 6 months when nocturnal feedings are discontinued?
What disease has a clinical picture of decreased insulin, hepatomegaly, ketosis, and cutaneous xanthomas?
What cells account for nearly 90% of cells in the Islets of Langerhans?
What is the most common pancreatic endocrine tumor seen in children?
Which is NOT a part of Whipple's triad (suggesting insulinoma)?
Where is the most common location for insulinoma?
What form of gastrin is usually produced by gastrinoma?
How do gastrinomas differ from insulinoma with regard to epidemiology?
A positive secretin stimulation test indicates _____?
What is the initial treatment of gastrinoma?
What is the paramount lymphatic organ in intrauterine life?
At what age does the spleen cease to be a significant source of hematopoiesis?
Clearance of bacteria without specific antibody occurs where?
The newborn gets humoral immunity passively through the placenta; this protection lasts ____?
What is the embryologic derivation of the spleen?
What are the functions of the white pulp and red pulp?
What percent of children have accessory splenic tissue?
Which is NOT associated with asplenia?
Which is most likely to be associated with congenital heart disease?
Which is NOT one of the common indications to perform splenectomy in a child?
Which is NOT a cause of Peliosis?
What is the bacteriologic profile of splenic abscesses?
Which is a cause of secondary hypersplenism?
What disease is commonly associated with primary hypersplenism?
Portal hypertension is associated with _____ hypersplenism?
T or F: Hereditary spherocytosis is always acquired in an autosomal dominant fashion.
What protein is abnormally developed in hereditary spherocytosis?
The clinical triad of anemia, and jaundice, and splenomegaly suggests ____?
What is the indication for splenectomy in sickle cell disease?
The spleen is generally ____ in thalassemia?
What immunoglobulin is involved in the autoimmune destruction of platelets in the disease idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?
T or F: Central nervous system hemorrhage is seen in approximately 10 percent of patients with ITP?
ITP can be divided into acute and chronic forms. What percentage of patients present with the acute form which is self-limited?
When chronic ITP is considered what additional diagnostic tests should be performed?
Which is NOT a treatment for acute ITP?
When utilized for ITP, which is NOT a mechanism of action of corticosteroids in elevating platelet counts?
Which is NOT a mechanism of action of intravenous gammaglobulin in ITP?
Why is 10 years of age an important age criteria in patients with both acute and chronic ITP?
Approximately 20 percent of patients with chronic ITP will require splenectomy. What percentage of these patients can expect long-term remission?
The fatality rate for post splenectomy sepsis is approximately _____?
In what clinical diagnosis is the risk for post splenectomy sepsis after splenectomy greatest?
Of the following organisms, which is most often responsible for post splenectomy sepsis?
Children undergoing elective splenectomy ahould be immunized pneumovax when with regard to their splenectomy?