In adults, the intestine is presented with 9 liters of fluid per day and absorbs how much of it?
What is the most common cause of short gut syndrome in infants and children?
The majority of intestinal growth in utero occurs during what trimester?
By what gestational age is the intestine anatomically complete?
What is the typical length of adult intestine?
T or F: Undifferentiated intestinal mucosal cells arise from the bottom of the villi in crypts, maturing and acquiring absorptive properties as they move upward.
What structure rests on the microvillus border and is the site of action of the secreted enzymes for protein hydrolysis and carbohydrate digestion?
Which is NOT a type of receptor located on the epithelial cells of the intestine?
What enzyme hydrolyzes dietary fats (mainly triglycerides) into fatty acids (mainly monoglycerides and diglycerides)?
The thoracic duct carries micelles of fatty acids combined with ____ up into the venous system?
What happens to CHO hydrolyzed to simple sugars in gut intestine by salivary amylase and disaccharidases from jejunal brush border?
T or F: Proteins are mostly digested by pancreatic enzymes - very few come from the intestinal brush border?
Removal of large portions of ____ (stomach, jejunum, ileum, or colon) is least well tolerated?
What organ is the site of resorption of most of the macronutrients and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and iron. Cholecystokinin and secretin are produced here?
How might jejunal resection result in lactic acidosis?
This organ is the principal source of absorption of bile acids, vitamin B12, and the fat-soluble vitamins?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding diarrhea after resection of the ileum?
T or F: The ileocecal valve does not provide enough obstruction to form a pressure gradient from ileum to colon.
What effect does removal of the colon have upon digestion and absorption?
Which is NOT one of the problems caused by the presence of the colon in patients with short gut?
After resection of small intestine, what is the first and most significant adaptive change?
Where is the villous hyperplasia most pronounced?
How long does intestinal adaptation take?
True or false: although most intestinal adaptation takes place in the small bowel, there is also hyperplasia in the mucosa of the colon?
What is the critical stimulus for adaptation of the intestine?
What substances stimulate intestinal hyperplasia the most?
T or F: EGF is found in the saliva, duodenal gland secretions, human breast milk, and amniotic fluid?
Which is NOT one of the short chain FAs generated by fermentation of pectin by the colonic bacteria?
Elemental diets may not be well tolerated in short gut patients because of their osmolality. Additionally, they contain amino acids rather than ____?
T or F: The best diet in short gut is one with peptides as the major protein source and glucose polymers as the CHO source.
T or F: Fat causes steatorrhea, and is not well tolerated by short gut syndrome patients?
Medium chain triglycerides are readily absorbed through them mucosa without lipase digestion or bile acids however, they ___ stimulate intestinal adaptation?
Cimetidine decreases intestinal gastric hypersecretion and ___ intestinal motility?
T or F: Cisapride enhances gastric emptying, improves gastroduodenal coordination and may help limit loss of intestinal secretions?
What are the indications for intestinal transplantation in short gut syndrome?
What is the 5-year patient survival after intestinal transplantation in children?
The incidence of catheter sepsis is higher or lower in patients with short gut syndrome?
T or F: intestinal adaptation does not appear to be significantly related to the presence or absence of ileocecal valve?
Of what benefit is cholestyramine in short gut syndrome?