What is the best x-ray to detect neonatal pneumothorax?

1.   ?    Lateral decubitus
2.   ?    Upright CXR
3.   ?    KUB

Where is a chest tube placed in neonates?

1.   ?    6th Interspace, mid axilla
2.   ?    4th Interspace, ant axilla
3.   ?    4th Interspace, mid clavicle line

What is the treatment for children on peritoneal dialysis with fungal intra abdominal sepsis infection?

1.   ?    Intravenous amphotericin B
2.   ?    Intraperitoneal amphotericin B
3.   ?    Remove drain, IV ketoconazole

Premature infants and newborns should be intubated how?

1.   ?    Orally
2.   ?    Nasally
3.   ?    Either way

Which tracheal ring should a tracheostomy be placed through?

1.   ?    1st or 2nd ring
2.   ?    2nd or 3rd ring
3.   ?    3rd or 4th ring
4.   ?    4th or 5th ring

Trauma accounts for what percentage of mortality in children from ages 1-14 years?

1.   ?    25%
2.   ?    50%
3.   ?    75%
4.   ?    85%

What is the estimated cost of childhood trauma per year in the United States?

1.   ?    100 million $ US
2.   ?    1 billion $ US
3.   ?    15 billion $ US
4.   ?    50 billion $ US

The surface area to body weight ratio in children is increased or decreased compared to adults?

1.   ?    Increased
2.   ?    Decreased
3.   ?    The same

At what age is skin mature and thicker, with decreased resistance to hypothermia?

1.   ?    2 years
2.   ?    5 years
3.   ?    12 years
4.   ?    16 years

At what age is the functional residual capacity up to normal levels?

1.   ?    6 months
2.   ?    2 years
3.   ?    4 years
4.   ?    12 years

By what age is the renal system mature?

1.   ?    6 months
2.   ?    2 years
3.   ?    6 years
4.   ?    16 years

What percentage of patients with a blunt abdominal trauma will not require operation?

1.   ?    50%
2.   ?    75%
3.   ?    90%

What Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS) is the highest (ie best) possible score?

1.   ?    Zero
2.   ?    Five
3.   ?    Twelve
4.   ?    Fifteen

What Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS) is the highest (ie best) possible score?

1.   ?    SelectionA
2.   ?    SelectionB
3.   ?    SelectionC
4.   ?    SelectionD

Overall mortality for pediatric cardiothoracic trauma is what?

1.   ?     1 - 5%
2.   ?    10 - 15%
3.   ?    25 - 30%
4.   ?    40 - 50%

Which is NOT one of the differences between the adult and pediatric chest? A child has ...

1.   ?    More mobile mediastinum
2.   ?    More compliant chest wall
3.   ?    Smaller airway
4.   ?    Higher incidence of rib fracture

In pediatric hemothorax, what are the indications for thoracotomy?

1.   ?    Loss of more than 1500 ml blood
2.   ?    Loss of more than 20 ml/kg blood
3.   ?    Loss of more than 10 ml/kg blood

What is NOT part of BeckÂ’s triad?

1.   ?    Muffled heart sounds
2.   ?    Low blood pressure
3.   ?    Jugular venous distention
4.   ?    Elevated CVP

How is myocardial contusion best assesed?

1.   ?    Cardiac echo
2.   ?    Gated Thallium scan
3.   ?    EKG
4.   ?    CPK isoenzymes

Which is NOT one of the two most common site of aortic rupture due to trauma?

1.   ?    Takeoff of the left subclavian vein
2.   ?    Attachment of ligamentum arteriosum
3.   ?    Just distal to the cusp of the aortic valve

Where does the childÂ’s mediastinum go during inspiration in a child with flail chest?

1.   ?    Towards the contralateral side
2.   ?    Towards the ipsilateral side
3.   ?    Due to chest compliance, there is little mediastinal shift

What happens to post traumatic pseudocysts over time in the lung?

1.   ?    Gradual enlargement
2.   ?    Gradual resolution
3.   ?    Wall of the cyst becomes thickened and scarred

True or false: in spontaneous breathing, patients with tracheobronchial trauma and perforation, a flexible bronchoscopy can make the diagnosis?

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False